Abstract

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasingly prevalent in India, with its earlier onset compared to developed nations. NFHS-5 (2019-2021) reports 17% of men and 14% of women with high blood sugar and 25% of men and 22% of women with hypertension in rural Odisha. Despite the growing burden of NCDs in India, screening in remote rural areas remains inadequate due to limited healthcare infrastructure and awareness. This study aimed to evaluate if collaborating with a Non-Government Organization (NGO) could facilitate NCD screening.

Method:

A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2024 to August 2024 in Titlagarh, Nuapada, and Kalahandi districts of Odisha. Participants attending an eye camp organised by the NGO ‘Services Center for Disabled (SCD)’ were surveyed for demographic, lifestyle, and medical history. Blood pressure (BP) and capillary random blood glucose (RBG) were measured. Hypertension was defined as BP 130-139/80-89 mm Hg, pre-diabetes as RBG

140-199 mg/dl, and diabetes as RBG >200 mg/dl.

Result:

Out of 50 participants with blurry vision, 100% agreed to complete the survey. Mean age was 62±12.6 years; 60% were male. Employment rate was 46%, all as daily wagers. Educational level was below high school for all. Tobacco use was 36% (94% male, p=0.001), alcohol use 34%, and 66% consumed meat/eggs regularly. Overweight prevalence was 6%. Hypertension (BP 130-139/80-89 mm Hg) was found in 42% (52% male, p=0.145) and

>140/>90 mm Hg in 28%. Pre-diabetes and diabetes were observed in 28% and 8%, respectively. None had been previously screened and were diagnosed with cataract during eye camp with high RBG (400 mg/dl) and positive urine dipstick were referred for medical management prior to surgery. Despite the small sample size, the study revealed a considerable proportion of undiagnosed NCDs, highlighting the hidden burden in this underserved population.

Conclusion:

This pilot feasibility study demonstrates that collaboration with NGOs can effectively facilitate opportunistic NCD screening in remote rural areas. Programs like eye camps not only address vision issues but also provide a platform to raise awareness, detect early-stage NCDs, and improve overall health outcomes in hard-to-reach communities.