2nd Edition of Public Health World Conference (PHWC) 2026

Abstract

Legionellosis is a serious public health concern that often goes undiagnosed. Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac fever, is commonly found in environmental water sources and man-made systems, including cooling towers and central air conditioning units. Infection typically occurs through inhalation of contaminated aerosols, and the resulting illness can range from mild fever to severe, life-threatening pneumonia. Historical outbreaks, such as the 1976 American Legion conference in Philadelphia, highlight the potential impact of contaminated air conditioning systems on public health.

This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to isolate and identify L. pneumophila from central air conditioning units in residential houses in Khartoum State, Sudan. A total of 140 samples, including water and swabs, were randomly collected and analyzed using real-time PCR for rapid and sensitive detection. DNA extraction was performed following standardized procedures, and data collected through matched questionnaires were analyzed to support the findings.

Results revealed a low prevalence of L. pneumophila, with only one positive sample detected among the 140 tested. This suggests that the current public health risk from these air conditioning systems in the studied area is limited. However, due to the bacterium’s potential to cause serious illness, continuous environmental surveillance and proper maintenance of cooling systems are essential. Expanded studies across broader geographical areas are recommended to monitor potential future outbreaks.

This study underscores the importance of molecular detection techniques, such as PCR, for the rapid and accurate identification of environmental pathogens. The findings provide valuable insights for public health authorities, emphasizing preventive measures in building management and supporting strategies to mitigate risks of legionellosis. The presentation will discuss the methodology, results, and public health implications, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance and collaboration to safeguard communities from waterborne pathogens.